Elektrospin

Za programiranje atmelovih AVR mikrokontrolera potreban je odgovarajući programator i prateći program. Na internetu mogu se naći razne šeme programatora. Ovdje će biti prikazan jednostavan i jeftin programator koji se može napraviti u kućnoj izvedbi, a koji može programirati širok spektar atmelovih AVR mikrokontrolera. Programator je preuzet sa sajta http://elm-chan.org. Ovim programatorom mogu se programirati sljedeći mikrokontroleri:

Arhitektura svih mikrokontrolera familije AVR je indentična. Ovdje će biti objašnjenja arhitektura mikrokontrolera Atmega48. Potpuno ista arhitektrua je kod mikrokontrolera Atmega88 i Atmega168, pri čemu se oni međusobno razlikuju po veličini fleš memorije, podrškom boot loader-a, veličine vektora prekida (interapta) i nekim dodatnim fukcijama.

AVR označava familiju 8-bitnih RISC mikrokontrolera koje proizvodi firma Atmel (www.atmel.com). RISC je skraćenica za Reduced Instruction Set Computer, a predstavlja tip procesora sa smanjenim skupom naredbi. Jezgro (eng. core) procesora familije AVR mikrokontrolera bazirano je na naprednoj RISC arhitekturi (eng. enhanced risc) i ima 131 instrukciju odnosno naredbu.

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